Apis feebly attempted to intercept the assassins at the border. When the Black Hand and the Serbian government became aware of the assassination plot, they instructed Apis to forsake his plans. They were transported across the Serbian border into Bosnia through a network of underground contacts. To carry out the assassination, Apis recruited and trained three young Bosnian Serbs - Gavrilo Princip, Nedeljko Čabrinović, and Trifko Grabež - in marksmanship and bomb-throwing. To thwart the potential threat, Apis decided to kill Franz Ferdinand in 1914. However, the notion threatened the Serbian nationalist cause since it would effectively pull the plug on the rising Serbian Empire. He wanted to provide the Slavs with greater autonomy and the opportunity to rule themselves. However, these citizens did not enjoy the same representation level as the German Austrians.Īrchduke Franz-Ferdinand, heir apparent to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was a staunch supporter of the Slavs. The empire was home to many Slavic citizens, including Slovaks, Slovenes, Czechs, Croats, Ukrainians, and Poles. Each half had its own government, parliament, and constitution and treated the citizens of the other half as foreigners. People called Austria-Hungary the “Dual Monarchy” because their respective monarchs ruled over separate territories within their kingdom. In addition, there were many contentious issues, such as who would hold the Serbian territories that were regained in the Balkan Wars. They thought he wasn’t working hard enough toward the Pan-Serb cause. Mostly, the group was unhappy with Prime Minister Nikola Pasic. However, friendly relations between them had cooled by 1914. The Serbian government was aware of the Black Hand’s existence and kept itself in the loop of the group’s activities. Members of the Black Hand used to their advantage the key positions they held in the Serbian army and government, allowing them to influence government appointments and policies. They were dedicated to extending the Serbian state and re-establishing the former Serbian Empire. The group planned guerrilla acts and to assassinate targets from the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires so that they would have the Greater Serbia they envisioned. Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijevic or Apis headed it. The Black Hand was a secret Serbian nationalist group that was mostly made up of the Serbian military. On May 9, 1911, 10 members of the Narodna Odbrana formed the Black Hand - sometimes called “Unification or Death” (or Ujedinjenje ili Smrt in Serbian). The Bosnian satellite organization was called “Mlada Bosna” or “Young Bosnia.” The Black Hand Rises They formed satellite groups in Bosnia, Slovenia, Herzegovina, and Istria. Narodna Odbrana carried out anti-Austrian propaganda while sending spies and saboteurs to work within the seized regions of the empire. Its goal was to recruit and train partisans for a potential war between Serbia and Austria-Hungary. They founded the Narodna Odbrana (or National Defense), a semi-secret nationalist society.
On October 8, 1908, two days after Bosnia-Herzegovina’s annexation, many men, including high-ranking Serbian ministers, officials, and generals, convened at City Hall in Belgrade. In 1908, Austria-Hungary’s complete annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina led to outrage among the Serbs. There was already unrest among the Serbian population because of Austrian oppression. The Serbs wanted to unite their territories and citizens into a single state called “Greater Serbia.” Despite this development, many Serbs remained unsatisfied because they were under the control of Austria-Hungary, another weak empire. In 1878, The crumbling Ottoman Empire coupled with Serbian patriotism gave birth to an independent Serbian nation. Wikimedia Commons/CC UPDD Serbian Turmoil Who was the Black Hand? What were their reasons for assassinating Franz Ferdinand? We provide answers to these questions and give insight into some of the events that led to World War I. However, one event that was a shot in the arm for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 by the Serbian Black Hand. There were many causes of World War I, such as imperialism, militarism, nationalism, and defensive alliances.
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